Asbestosis

Asbestosis is chronic pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhaled asbestos fibres. Fibres that reach the lower respiratory tract can remain in lung tissue, irritate it, and drive scarring. The scarred interstitium becomes less elastic and gas transfer becomes less effective, so breathlessness usually develops gradually rather than as an immediate reaction to a single exposure. [1,2] Asbestos exposure also increases the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma. Smoking combined with asbestos exposure raises lung-cancer risk further, but smoking does not cause asbestosis itself. The amount, duration, and frequency of exposure influence the likelihood of asbestos-related disease. [1,2] Canada prohibited the import, sale, and use of asbestos and the manufacture, import, sale, and use of products containing asbestos in 2018, with limited exclusions. Legacy asbestos can still be present in older buildings and vehicle components. The nursing priorities are to recognize impaired oxygenation, prevent further exposure, support function, and act promptly when a change suggests respiratory failure, infection, or malignancy. [1]