Infectious Mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical syndrome most often caused by primary infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a herpesvirus that infects cells in the oropharynx and B lymphocytes, then remains latent in the body. The immune response to infected cells accounts for much of the fever, pharyngitis, lymph-node enlargement, fatigue, and atypical lymphocytes associated with the illness. The spleen can enlarge as lymphoid tissue responds to infection. An enlarged spleen is vulnerable to rupture with a blow to the abdomen, heavy lifting, or strenuous activity. This link between infection, splenic enlargement, and bleeding risk explains why abdominal assessment and activity teaching are central nursing priorities even when the throat symptoms dominate the presentation. EBV spreads mainly when infected saliva contacts another person’s mucous membranes. Kissing and sharing drinks, eating utensils, or toothbrushes can expose others. The virus remains in the host after primary infection and may be shed intermittently. Use routine practices for clinical care and follow additional precautions when another suspected or confirmed infection requires them.