Overview
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, the RN will be able to: Explain how Pneumocystis jirovecii damages the alveoli and why the result is hypoxemia that is out of proportion to the chest...
NCLEX-RN
NCLEX-RN
By the end of this lesson, the RN will be able to: - Explain how Pneumocystis jirovecii damages the alveoli and why the result is hypoxemia that is out of proportion to the chest examination. - Identify the people at risk, including people living with HIV with a CD4 count below 200 cells/µL and people without HIV who take corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants. - Compare the slow, subacute presentation in HIV with the faster, more severe presentation in people without HIV. - Interpret the diagnostic picture: induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), PCR, β-D-glucan, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), imaging and arterial blood gases. - Give trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) safely, recognize its serious adverse reactions, and know when adjunctive corticosteroids are expected. - Recognize deterioration early and escalate, and teach prophylaxis and follow-up.
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